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Maria Pasquinelli

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Maria Pasquinelli
Born(1913-03-16)16 March 1913
Florence, Italy
Died3 July 2013(2013-07-03) (aged 100)
Bergamo, Italy
CitizenshipItaly
OccupationTeacher
Known forKilling Robert de Winton
Criminal statusDeceased
MotiveAnger over Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
Conviction(s)Murder
Criminal penaltyDeath; commuted to life imprisonment

Maria Pasquinelli (16 March 1913 – 3 July 2013) was an Italian teacher and member of the Fascist party convicted for the killing of British Brigadier Robert de Winton in Pola on 10 February 1947. She carried out the assassination in protest of the Istrian–Dalmatian exodus.[1][2]

Biography

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Maria Pasquinelli was born in Florence, Italy on 16 March 1913. As a teenager, she was a member of the Italian Fascist Party. She served as a nurse in Libya during World War II. In 1942 Pasquinelli went to work as an Italian teacher in Spalato, Croatia, where she denounced the killings of Italian civilians in Dalmatia and Istria that occurred between 1943 and 1945, most of them perpetrated by Yugoslav partisans. The attempts of Pasquinelli to raise the Italian population in self-defence led to her arrest by German occupation troops. In early 1945 she tried unsuccessfully to unite all the Italians of Istria – both fascist soldiers, as well as Catholic and Communist partisans – against the annexation of Istria by the Yugoslavians under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito.[3][4]

Killing of Brigadier Robert de Winton

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On 10 February 1947, in protest against the Istrian–Dalmatian exodus,[5] Pasquinelli went to the Istrian city of Pola, where she shot and killed the commander of the British garrison in the area, Brigadier Robert de Winton. The Brigadier was in the process of reviewing his troops when he was hit by three shots in his back that killed him instantly. One British soldier was wounded by a stray bullet. As Allied supreme commander in Istria, de Winton was about to transfer power to Yugoslav authorities.[6][4]

Pasquinelli was sentenced to death by a British military court at Trieste in 1947. However, her life was spared and she was handed over to the new Italian republican government, on the promise that she would serve life imprisonment. She was in jail for 17 years following the assassination, and upon her release by presidential pardon in 1964.[7][4] Pasquinelli lived in Bergamo, where she remained until her death at age 100.[8]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Debate in the Italian Parliament about Maria Pasquinelli in 1960 (in Italian) Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ "E' morta Maria Pasquinelli, "eroina" degli esuli istriani che uccise a Pola il generale De Winton" (in Italian). Unioneistriani.it. Archived from the original on 19 July 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
  3. ^ Stefano Zecchi. Maria. Una storia italiana d'altri tempi. (pp. 67-95)
  4. ^ a b c "Maria Pasquinelli". 2013-07-08. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  5. ^ Istrian exodus, by Arrigo Petacco
  6. ^ "Pasquinelli biography (in Italian)". Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2012-06-25.
  7. ^ "Notice of death of Maria Pasquinelli". 8 July 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  8. ^ "Dal'pantano d'Italia é nato un fiore: Maria Pasquinelli" (4 April 2013)

Bibliography

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  • Petacco, Arrigo. L'Esodo, La tragedia negata degli italiani d'Istria, Dalmazia e Venezia Giulia. Mondadori Editore. Milano, 1999
  • Zecchi, Stefano. Maria. Una storia italiana d'altri tempi. Vertigo editoriale. Trieste, 2004.
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